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Aluminum 1050, 3003 and 6061 to 4047
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are OK. Continuous wave welding increases weldability of alloys such as 5052 and 5082.
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Aluminum alloys should be tested thoroughly for crack sensitivity
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Aluminum 1100
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Welds well, but needs to be welded with dissimilar aluminum
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Aluminum 2219
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Welds well, but needs to be welded with dissimilar aluminum
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Aluminum 2024/5052/6061
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Requires filler material
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Beryllium Copper
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Low reflectivity so welds well - Potential safety hazard exists from the beryllium oxide fumes
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Copper
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High reflectivity creates uneven welds
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Good to medium welds. High energy levels required to overcome surface reflectivity unless 532 nm wavelength welding laser used.
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Cu-Zn Brasses
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Out-gassing of Zn prevents good welds
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Hastelloy-X
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Welds well, with specific pulse rates
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Molybdenum
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Brittle weld but weld may be acceptable for low strength weld requirements
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Nickel
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Good weld, but must be cleaned
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Nickel alloys
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Good welds, especially with alloys such as Hastelloy-X, Inconel 600 and 718
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Inconel 625 - Welds well, but some tendency for porosity in deep welds
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Nitinol
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Good welds. Care needed to avoid brittleness
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Monel
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Good weld, good penetration
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Phosphor bronze
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Good welds
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Steel, Carbon
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Good welds with carbon content under 0.25%
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Carbon content should be less than 0.12% for pulsed welding, up to 0.2% for continuous wave welding
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Steel, Galvanized
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Porous, brittle weld
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Steel Stainless
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304 and 304L produce excellent welds
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316 and 316L are OK provided Cr/Ni ratio is greater than 1.7
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300 Stainless - Welds well
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303 is not recommended due to cracking tendencies. Can be matched with friendlier materials such as 304. A CW laser can be used to increase weldability.
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3030 and 303SE which cracks - no good welds
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400 series require testing for crack sensitivity.
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Steel, 17-4 PH Stainless
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Welds well with post weld
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Tantalum
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Welds well but oxidation likely
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Titanium
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Welds well but oxidation likely
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Tungsten
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Weld can be brittle
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