WHAT DOES IPX3 MEAN?
While IPX1 and IPX2 ratings offer protection against dripping water, an IPX3 rating offers protection against water sprays. This implies that an IPX3 device has a more robust and more water-resistant enclosure than IPX1 and IPX2 devices. However, even IPX3 devices are not resistant to water sprays from any angle.
For the IPX3 test, certified labs use either spray nozzles with counterbalanced shields or oscillating tubes. When a nozzle is used, the test is divided into two 5min segments (10min in total). The device is sprayed at angles up to 60° on a vertical axis. The water pressure is 50-150kPa, while the amount of water equals 10 l/min. After the first segment, the device is rotated (horizontally) by 90°, while all the other parameters remain the same.
When an oscillating tube is used, the device is left on a stand for 10mins, and the volume of water is 0.07 liters/min for each hole. The tube oscillates around the object down to a 60° angle (measured from the vertical axis). If water doesn’t enter the enclosure or enters it in amounts that are not big enough to interfere with the normal operation of the tested device, the device receives an IPX3 rating.
HOW WATERPROOF ARE IPX3 DEVICES IN PRACTICE?
Similar to IPX2 devices, IPX3 devices are suitable for everyday outdoor use. If you’re looking for IPX-rated devices like our laser welder for outdoor sports activities, IPX3 should provide decent protection. However, in practice, IPX-rated devices usually offer better protection against all kinds of liquids, not just water. So IPX-rated devices tend to be more durable than non-IPX devices.
While IPX3 is good enough for casual outdoor use, I wouldn’t recommend it for the shower or other activities that include water coming from all angles. Also, immersing or submerging an IPX3 device in water will most probably result in damage. I also wouldn’t use an IPX3 device around the pool and wouldn’t bring it with me to the beach. While it can probably survive a few splashes, there’s no guarantee. Remember, the device is resistant to spraying water, but not to sprays coming from any direction.
What is IPX3 waterproof?
Answer: IPX3 waterproof is a misleading and confusing phrase. IPX3 doesn’t mean waterproof. Waterproof is a marketing term usually used for devices with IPX7 and IPX8 ratings.
- Waterproof is not the official term recognized by the organizations (IEC and ISO) that created IP standards. Instead of using these vague and confusing terms, IP standards define the exact criteria a device must meet to receive an IP rating.
- In the case of IPX3, a device must remain fully operational after being sprayed for 10 mins from directions ranging from -60° to +60° (measured from a vertical axis).
- IPX3 rating basically means that a device can survive light rain for 10mins.
IP5X Metal Dust Test
One of the most important standards in dust resistance testing is the IP5X rating, which can be measured using specialized IP5X dust test chambers.
What IP5X Really Means
IP5X is part of the Ingress Protection (IP) rating system, which classifies the degree of protection provided by enclosures against solid objects, dust, and water. The '5' in IP5X refers to the level of protection against dust ingress. Specifically, it indicates that the object is protected against dust particles that may impact its performance but will not completely prevent dust from entering. This means that while some dust can get inside, it won't damage the internal components or affect the functionality of the product.
Why IP5X Matters
IP5X certification is critical for products destined to be used in environments where dust is prevalent. This rating ensures that equipment, such as consumer electronics, automotive parts, and industrial machinery, can continue functioning despite exposure to dust. For manufacturers, meeting the IP5X standard signals to consumers that their products are reliable and durable in challenging conditions. This can be a key selling point, especially for devices used in outdoor or industrial settings.
The IP5X Test Procedure
The IP5X testing procedure using an IP5X dust test chamber is a rigorous evaluation that involves exposing the product to fine dust in a controlled environment. For example, consider a manufacturer testing an outdoor laser welding machine. The laser welder is placed inside the dust test chamber, and talcum powder, which is fine enough to mimic real-world dust conditions, is introduced at a specified concentration. The chamber's fan system keeps the dust in motion while the laser welding machine is continuously exposed for a set period, often around 8 hours.
After the dust exposure, the product is inspected to check for signs of dust ingress. In the case of the laser welder, testers will check if dust has entered the housing and whether it has affected the welder's performance, such as welding quality or electronics function. If the welder continues to operate without internal dust accumulation affecting its components, it passes the IP5X test. Data gathered during this testing process helps manufacturers ensure that their product is reliable in dusty environments, which is crucial for both performance and customer satisfaction.
Basic Principles and Methods of IP5X/IP6X Testing
The IEC 60529 standard clearly specifies the test method for IP5X/IP6X: The sample is placed in a sealed dust chamber, and a vacuum pump or fan is used to create negative pressure (a certain value lower than atmospheric pressure) inside the equipment to simulate the real-world scenario of dust being “sucked in.” Simultaneously, a specific concentration of suspended dust is maintained inside the dust chamber, and the test duration is typically 8 hours (or the duration specified in the standard). After the test, the sample is disassembled to check for any dust accumulation inside.
- IP5X: Allows limited dust intrusion, but must be assessed to determine if it is “harmful” (e.g., does not cause short circuits, insulation degradation, or mechanical jamming).
- IP6X: Any dust intrusion is considered a failure.
The dust chamber must be equipped with a dust circulation system, concentration monitoring, and vibration device to ensure uniform dust suspension. Samples must be pretreated under standard atmospheric conditions before testing.